ncrease in its introduction and adaptation by various cultures throughout the world. This combination of events led to specialization and the emergence of the specialist where once generalists were the rule.
The rise of the specialist led to the rise of the organization, an entity which did not exist in its present form prior to World War II. Or, more accurately, as Drucker points out, an entity which was not identified as such prior to World War II. Until that point, people spoke of businesses, or governments, or even communities, but not of organizations. The rise of the specialist and the organization is one way that society uses to make the various knowledges which now surround it productive (Drucker).
With the rise in organizations and the study of how organizations function, attention came to be focused on the bureaucracy, which emerged as organizations became commonplace, and on technical innovation as an agent of change to organizations. According to Drucker, managing change is a critical element of any organization; doing so effectively is in
...