e life of the patient and the life of the fetus, which, according to the oath, is a life from the time of conception. In summary, the issue is premature labor and prenatal harm, including the rights of the fetus, who is a potential person who cannot speak in its defense vs. the mother's right to autonomy and self-determination. Who gets the final say: the mother, the physician or the law?
The theories which apply to this case are the Deontological-Ethical method and the Act-Utilitarian. The Deontological method, according to Immanuel Kant, states that an act is good if everyone acts in the same way, without exception, for rational reasons. There is a universalizability principle which states that the basis of acting for the good of something is rational, uncoerced, universal, and free. It tells one to always act as everyone in the same situation might act. There is also a substantive principle, by which one acts so that one treats oneself or any other person always as an "end" and never as a "means" only (Bandm
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