Sociological Models of Deviance Theory The purpose of this research is to examine

 
 
 
 
The purpose of this research is to examine two different sociological models of deviance theory, and see how they may be applied to the issue of the problem of violence and crime committed by women. The plan of the research will be to set forth elements of the issue of violence and crime committed by women as a deviant form of behavior, focusing on a presentation of datadriven evidence on the subject, and then to compare and contrast two different theoretical points of view on the issue. Additionally, these viewpoints will be discussed and evaluated in terms of their ability to explain the phenomenon of deviant criminal behavior by women, with a view toward suggesting possible lines of research development and the formation of social policy that addresses deviant criminal behavior on the part of women.

Criminal behavior by women has been seen as an important social problem almost throughout the modern period. Theories explaining the problem have not been uniform. Among the first theories to explain criminal behavior in women was put forward by Cesare Lombroso, who in the nineteenth century found a positive correlation between antisocial behavior and a born criminal with certain "hereditary physical traits" (Funk & Wagnalls, 1975, p. 151). Lombroso appears to have become interested in deviant females to no good effect, as the following critique suggests:

Cesare Lombroso is credited with starting it all. Trained in

biological sciences, Lombroso w


     
 
 
 
    

 

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0 through the mid1970s show that the Movement, a middleclass phenomenon, had little impact on the working classes and so could exercise only limited influence on violent behavior patterns. Second, the studies show adolescent female delinquency as very much attributed to the tendency to reject traditional social roles and to copy maledelinquency patterns of youthful rebellion and violence, which, unlike the Movement per se, are a readily available behavior model for girls. This study's conclusion about readily available role models is indirectly supported by Dannick, who observed the impact of male "anonymous strangers" on the decision by females to violate laws against jaywalking. Statistical analysis showed that the leadership of the (male) anonymous stranger who violated traffic signals caused female subjects to do the same thing 55 percent of the time (only 43 percent of men copied the stranger's behavior). The conclusion was that females were more influenced by externals (and, implicitly, by readily available models) than males, although the model test was limited to one lawabiding stranger or (not and) one lawviolating stranger per behavior observation. Further studies might reveal other behavior patterns. Meanwhile, in

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