ne school massacre. Studies have shown that a preference for heavy metal music may indicate a risk for alienation, substance abuse, psychiatric disorders, suicide risk, sex-ole stereotyping and risk-taking behavior during adolescence (Children, 1999: Youth, 2005). Heavy metal and rap music are criticized for glorifying violence, and gansta rap lyrics are often about street gangs, sex, drug use, and violence. Songs make graphic references to sex, drugs and violence. Lyrics such as, "Who says date rape isn't kind?" in a Marilyn Manson song and "Let's just kill everyone and let your god sort them out" and "The housewife I will beat, the pro-life I will kill" are typical of these types of songs, and have parents and legislators worried about the effects they are having on adolescents. Listening to rap music has been found to lead to a higher acceptance of violence.
A 1996 study showed that boys and girls from the ages of 12 to 19 watch MTV an average of 6.6 and 6.2 hours a week respectively, and a 1998-1999 study showed that
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