ANALYSIS OF A RESEARCH ARTICLE: ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND TIME CONCEPT OF THE LEARNER

The researchers state in the article that, because only 15.3 per cent of the speakers of African languages were in the high-achievement group in the study sample, both "educators and mental health practitioners" should be concerned (Grobler & Myburgh, 2001: 9). Not all nurses are mental health practitioners; however, most nurses are concerned with the mental health of their patients. Therefore, the problem in this study is significant for the nursing profession. Grobler & Myburgh (2001:3-12) are not attempting in this study to develop new theory. Rather, they appear to be developing a persuasive argument that the problem is real, relevant, and deserving of professional attention.

Philosophically, this study is founded in comparative cultural values and the effect that culture has on academic performance in mixed or cross cultural environments. Epistemologically, the study is concerned with viewing the same phenomena through differing cultural lens. Theoretically, the authors based the work on (a) the concept of time within a mental health perspective and (b) the interrelationship between time and culture (Grobler & Myburgh, 2001: 5-6). Theory was used to provide the focus for this study, which was to measure and validate the effects on academic performance of varying perceptions of time, with a person's primary language as an intervening variable (Grobler & Myburgh, 2001: 4). No information was included in the article that would allow anyone to identify the

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Literature is cited and discussed in the Introduction to the article, in Theoretical Perspectives, and after the fact in the Results section of the article (Grobler & Myburgh, 2001: 5-6, 8-9). Based on the presentation and discussion of literature in the article, it is difficult to assess the balance between primary and secondary sources. It is apparent, however, that both primary and secondary sources were cited. Grobler, Myburgh, and Kok (1998) is an example of a primary source cited in the article, and Gross, Nolte, and Smith (1996) is an example of a secondary source cited in the article. (5) Hypotheses were formulated. The authors stated in the article null hypotheses and associated research (alternative) hypotheses. The relationship between the hypotheses and the research questions formulating the problem investigated is logical. The literature in the Introduction dealing with the problem of academic achievement and the literature in the Theoretical Perspective section dealing with time and culture provide bases for the hypotheses (Grobler & Myburgh, 2001: 4-6, 8). The independent variables in the study are (a) students' understanding of the concept of time and (b) student's native language. The dependent variable

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