cromechanically based models, which are usually difficult to invert and implement in a real time control algorithm.
The second group of models, even though it satisfies controllability criteria, includes ad hoc physical assumptions and a large number of empirical constants.
2.1 Materials: Magnetostrictives in Definition and Modeling
Magnetostriction is observed in a substance when it strains upon application of a magnetic field. Conversely, a field is generated when the material is stressed; this field is, however, proportional to the material's rate of strain. The performance of magnetostrictives and piezoceramics is compared by (Jones, L. D., Garcia, E. 1999, pp.155 165).
Although magnetostrictive materials have been extensively studied, few practical applications exist for their use because piezoelectric and electrostrictive materials generally offer higher strain and forces while consuming less power. This fundamental disadvantage has recently changed with the development of the so called g
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