revealed in the diversity of creation and in its common destiny, that people have and use creative abilities and that they are accountable for the processes of deriving, sustaining, and transforming the universe.
Further, the model characterizes humans and relational processes as adaptive systems with coping processes which function as a unity toward some purpose. As adaptive systems, they are said to have cognator and regulator subsystems acting to maintain adaptation in the four adaptive modes: physiologic-physical, self-concept-group identity, role function, and interdependence. Table 1 presents the four adaptive modes as conceptualized by Roy at both the individual and group level.
In addition to its notions of adaptive modes, the Adaptation Model defines the environment as all conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding and affecting the development and behavior of persons and groups; particular consideration is given to the mutuality of person and earth resources. There are said to be three kinds of stimuli: focal, contextual, and residual, the most significant of which are stage of development, family, and culture.
According to Roy and Andrews (1999), nursing must be viewed as a science and practice which expands adaptive abilities and enhances person and environment transformation. Indeed, nursing goals are said to include the promotion of adaptation for individuals and groups in the four adaptive modes which, in turn, contribute to health, quality of life, and dying with dignity through an assessment of behavior and factors that influence adaptive abilities and by intervening to expand those abilities and to enhance environmental interactions. As to the nursing process, the model advocates a problem-solving process which is said to include the following:
Roy's Adaptation Model: Adaptive Modes at the Individual and Group Level.
Five needs-oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, activity and rest, protectio...