St. Augustine
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Although St. Augustine does not directly reply to Socrates's positions on health care as set forth in The Republic, the theology of the Confessions, nonetheless, inferentially posits his answer. And, although both men clearly base their views in teleological rather than mechanical explanations of the world, St. Augustine parts ways with Plato (just as he did with Plotinus and the Neoplatonists) over the critical necessity of "grace." The human utopia of Plato is governed by men of reason (philosopher kings or "guardians"), but Augustine's is the dominion of the Trinity, guided by direct, personal experience of and surrender to God. Thus, Plato would cut the Gordian knot of contemporary health care conundrums with the sword of mind, Augustine with the sword of faith.From each, readers can extrapolate considerations pertinent to the significant causes of exorbitant health care costs in modern America: 1) Is there an intrinsic "right to life," e.g. should disproportionate costs be borne extending the lives of the non-viable newborn, aged, or "vegetative" patient? 2) Is a theoretical model provided, therein, supporting a basis for eugenics, i.e. the removal of the genetically "inferior" individual? and 3) Should societal resources be expended toward ameliorating the results of "unhealthy" or risky lifestyles, e.g. smoking, sedentary behavior, unsafe sex, etc? A closer examination of these nexii reveals that Platonic and Augustinian ethics may conflict but their metaphys
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n of the flesh nonetheless, eternally vulnerable to corruption (Book II, Chapter II), disease (Book X, Chapter XXXVI), and ignorance. Even following the Saint's enlightenment and conversion, he still contends in Book XI (the most purely philosophical in his autobiography, concerned with the nature of creation and time), "My soul yearns to know this most entangled enigma" and "I confess to Thee, O Lord, that I am as yet ignorant..." Unlike Plato's, there are insuperable limits in the Augustinian epistemology.
Echoing Heisenberg, there are simply things which man cannot know (Book X, Chapter V): "You judge me, O Lord, for, although no one "knows the things of a man but the spirit of man which is in him," there is something further which not even that spirit of man which is in him knows. But you, Lord, who made him, know all things that are in him." What's more, not to acknowledge prima facie this immutable human inability constitutes, for Augustine, the sin of hubris. The Platonists do not have "a contrite and humbled heart" for they do not learn from the "meek and humble of heart" (Book VII, Chapter XXI) and, therefore, cannot be redeemed. Indeed, Augustine suggests that only through the grace of Christ and faith in the
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Approximate Word count = 1978
Approximate Pages = 8 (250 words per page)
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