Gallo and the Retrovirus

3. In 1965, Gallo joined the National Institutes of Health where he would work for the next thirty years. He began his career in the National Cancer Institute conducting research on leukocytes, which are types of white blood cells. In 1971, he became head of the new Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology. Gallo began to explore whether viruses could cause cancer. In particular, he began to research retroviruses. Once called RNA tumor viruses, retroviruses can convert RNA to DNA with the help of an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. Gallo next discovered a T-cell growth factor that would keep these white blood cells alive longer while outside of the body and give researchers more time to study them. This led to the discovery of a human retrovirus in 1981, the human T-cell leukemia virus, or HTLV-I.

4. In 1983, researchers at the Pasteur Institute in France isolate a retrovirus that they believe is related to the out break of AIDS. Its discoverer, Luc Montagnier, called the retorvirus LAV (lymphadenopathy-associated virus). Robert Gallo claimed to have discovered it called HTLV-3. It later b

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