ourth Amendment had no relevance to prosecutions outside the federal system.
Contributions of the Warren Court (After 1960)
Mapp v. Ohio, 347 U.S. 643 (1961) was the Warren Court decision on the Fourth Amendment which had the greatest initial impact. In that case, the Court decided that the strictures of the Amendment applied to the States through the 14th amendment. It did so because, according to Cochran et al. (1996), it concluded that "the exclusionary rule was a necessary means to enforce the . . . fundamental right to be free from . . . illegal searches," --i. e. to deter the police from conducting them (p. 160). In Mapp, the Court applied that rule to all evidence obtained by illegal searches and seizures, the "fruit of the poisonous tree," and ruled that all convictions based on them were invalid. Since the preponderance of criminal prosecutions occurred in state and local courts, Griswold (1975) said the inevitable "result has been . . . a great torrent of litigation over 7,000 federal cases between 1961 and 19
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