or the anticipation of conflict with another gang. Tactics employed usually involve psychological intimidation because physical intimidation creates resentment. If a prospective recruit is physically harmed to force him to join, that new memberÆs resentment will threaten the gangÆs cohesion (Jankowski 55-59).
Jankowski (63-80) then analyzes the organization of gangs. He identifies three types of organizational models. The vertical or hierarchical structure featured a president, vice president, warlord, and possibly a treasurer. Sicilian gangs in New York City prefer this method because of tradition, and because of the gangÆs goal of financial gain. The hierarchical system proved most efficient for identifying profitable opportunities and managing those enterprises.
Horizontal structure involves a committee approach to leadership, with a number of gang members sharing equal authority. Such a model requires consensus for action, so such gangs act more deliberately. Chicano gangs in Los Angeles adopted this model because they were less interested
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