o the more behavioral/cognitive-behavioral models of counseling. Thus, the need for empowerment is more and more often being viewed as an important counseling/therapy objective that should be used in explanative models of the overall process of counseling.
A key question that can be asked with respect to the increased incorporation of the empowerment construct into counseling theory is precisely how the term is used in the general models. The next section of this paper examines the theoretical counseling literature and the use of the term "empowerment."
Use of Empowerment Construct in Counseling Theory
Brammer, Abrego and Shostrum (1992) have discussed empowerment as it relates to clinical, humanistic orientations in the counseling field. According to the authors, most models of empowerment, including the more humanistic models tend to view empowerment as both a process and a goal. As a goal, humanistic theory characterizes empowerment as assisting the client to live more sa
...