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NUTRITION & CANCER Introduction "Inhibition o

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"Inhibition of human breast cancer cell proliferation and delay of mammary tumorigenesis by flavonoids and citrus juices" by So, Guthrie, Chambers, Moussa, and Carroll (1996) reports that in women from developed countries, breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer; incidence is increasing worldwide at an average rate of approximately two percent annually. Chemotherapeutic techniques fail to reduce death rates from cancers of the breast, lung, brain, colon, prostate, ovary, and pancreas. Studies on diet and cancer offer information regarding naturally occurring anticancer agents. Research concludes that plant-based diets with whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables reduce risk of cancer. Carotenes and antioxidant vitamins may act as anticancer agents, however studies are inconclusive.

Studies are also done with flavonoids, present in citrus and other fruits, vegetables, grains, seeds, nuts, tea, and wine; cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells and Raji lymphoma cells, antiproliferative effects on human lymphocytes and human breast cancer cells, and skin tumorigenesis suppression in mice has been demonstrated. The flavonoid, quercetin, shows growth-inhibitory effects "in human breast cancer cells, colon cancer cell lines, a lymphoblastoid cell line, acute lymphoid and myeloid leukemia cell lines, and squamous cell carcinoma cell lines" (3:168). Isoflavone, in soybeans, also demonstrates anticancer activity. So et al. investigated

. . .
ffects of hesperetin were apparent after two days of treatment and cell growth was impeded over the entire ten day period (3). Results of GLA and LA diets fed to mice did not support the hypothesis that GLA would have a beneficial effect on existing breast cancer. Tumor weights were not significantly different between groups fed the LA diet and the GLA diet (1). Dietary habits are implicated in as many as 60 percent of environmentally linked cancers. Reduced intake of fruits and vegetables, rich in antioxidants, causes a risk for cancer development. Antioxidant vitamin C is found to directly suppress carcinogen formation, enhance immunocompetence, effect collagen synthesis, and inhibit hyaluronidase activity. Beta-carotene is know for antitumor effects in animals; it promotes cell differentiation. Carotenoid pigments, canthaxanthin and phytoene, have been found to reduce tumor formation in animals. Vitamin E studies show reduced risk for cancer with higher vitamin E concentrations in people; vitamin E has been shown to inhibit exposure-induced cancers in animals (4). In the study of meat protein digestibility, beef at both low and high levels, was as digested as cheese, suggesting that poor meat digestibility does not
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Some common words found in the essay are:
Tritchler Boyd, Research Council, GLA GLA, Moussa Carroll, Silvester Cummings, GLA LA, Research Direct, Tribble Frank, Discussion Flavonoids, Trial CARET, breast cancer, human breast cancer, bowel cancer, human breast, food records, cancer cell, fruits vegetables, orange juice, breast cancer cell, meat protein, energy intake, risk cancer, cancer cell line, bowel cancer risk, rich fruits vegetables,
Approximate Word count = 3188
Approximate Pages = 13 (250 words per page)

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