gested protein reaching the large bowel is metabolized to genotoxic or cancer-promoting compounds. These compounds are fermented by the gut microflora and products of fermentation and bacterial enzyme reactions are ammonia, phenols, amines, and N-nitroso compounds that are causative factors in large bowel cancer.
The study of naringenin and naringin and grapefruit juice and orange juice concentrates on breast cancer included in vitro experiments showing effects of these flavonoids on cell cultures of estrogen receptor-negative human breast cancer cells. Short and long-term effects on the cells of the flavonoids were also studied. In vivo experiments included the study of female Sprague-Dawley rats, of specified pathogen-free origin, and diets; preliminary experiments determined quantities of grapefruit and orange juice the rats would drink and effects on body weight. Development of mammary tumors was induced in the rats. Tumor growth was measured. The use of both cell cultures and animal experiments w
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