hout guilt or horror or even as much revulsion as I had anticipated" (p. 84). She claims to have been relatively unmoved by the experience; nevertheless, her writing conveys an underlying impression of secrecy and shame, especially in the word she chooses to describe her new profession. She (1960) writes, "In a weekend I had changed, technically, and become a whore. Inwardly, I hadn't changed a bit . . . Sex just wasn't that important to me" (p. 85).
Freud's psychoanalytic theory divides personality development into five stages, each dependent on the resolution of the previous stage. Charles Winick and Paul M. Kinsie (1971) relate the opinion of Freudian analysts that many prostitutes are fixated at either the oral or anal stages (p. 87), the first two levels of personality, never progressing to the phallic, latency, or genital stages that complete the cycle. McManus' comment that she considered sex unimportant supports the theory that she has not moved to the stages which allow for sexual examination.
McManus (1960) recalls, "My father was a shadowy figure in my life, scarcely indistinguishable from any other big man with a hat and a cigar" (p. 100). In Erikson's psychosocial theory, the individual must establish and resolve his or her significant social relationships in order to progress to the next stage; he postulates the existence of eight stages, extending his view beyond Freud to suggest that the personality continues to develop over the course of a lifetime, rather than ending with the mature adult. For Erikson, the individuals at the first two levels are, first, the primary caretaker, and, second, the parents as a unit. McManus is not the only prostitute to report significant difficulties in her relationship with her parents. Her "shadowy figure" suggests a parent with whom she was never able to bond.
A teacher and headmistress at a prestigious girl's school, she turned to prostitution as a way to make far...