f the implications of that experience. The first priority is an awareness of self; once that is achieved, an increased awareness of self in the world or self in relation to others may be achieved as well. To the extent experience may be negative, it may produce problems (i.e., incongruence) that require solving (i.e., movement toward congruence). Knowledge in this view becomes an intermediary between incongruence and congruence, an agent of process. The level of incongruence is one that finds the mind unable to sort out experience, while the level of congruence synthesizes perception and experience in a positive way. The "problem," in this view is that "when highly incongruent persons communicate they are not 'present' in what they say; since their experience is unassimilated and unowned, they are unlikely to find understanding for a self that does not understand and a vicious circle results." As Hampden Turner expresses it,
Rogerian counseling and communication aims to allow the
personality at the bottom of the map [i.e., w
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