The Reformation in England
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This paper will briefly discuss the Protestant Reformation in England in the Sixteenth Century. The first part of the paper will examine the background to the Reformation by looking at the Church in England prior to the Reformation. The second part of the paper will discuss how the conflict between King Henry VIII and Rome arose and the role of Spain in precipitating a crisis. The third part of the paper will look at how Henry effected the break with Rome and why he chose to make the break political rather than theological. The fourth part of the paper will discuss how the reformation took on a more radical nature after Henry's death, how his daughter Mary attempted to return England to Rome, and how Elizabeth I established a more moderate course. The last part of the paper will briefly look at the other major Protestant movements in Britain at this time, particularly Calvinism. During the Sixteenth Century, England did not experience the violent religious ferment taking place in the continental countries. It had had enough violent political conflict during the Wars of the Roses in the previous century and experienced a brief period of sectarianism and heresy during that same period with the calls for separation from the papacy emanating from Wycliff and John Gaunt. At the beginning of the Sixteenth Century, England was ready for a period of order and security (Bainton, Reformation, 183-84). It achieved this through an increase in natio
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rse, he carefully avoided rejecting established dogma. He cloaked the rebellion in terms of political sovereignty and nationalistic feeling. He declared the Church of England independent from Rome but changed no doctrines and adhered to ceremonial traditions. Most of his actions were aimed at consolidating royal power over the English clergy and ensuring a peaceful break with Rome (Bainton, Reformation, 189-91; Baldwin Smith 109-16).
Henry's major problem was with the clergy of the Church of England. Although Cardinal Wolsey was beholden to Henry, he was also a Cardinal in the Roman hierarchy. Henry therefore took no chances and deposed Wolsey. Henry coordinated his actions so that time passed between each, allowing any shock to be absorbed. He then accused the clergy of violating the doctrine of "praemunire," which prohibited appeals to Rome without the consent of the king. Their violation was in recognizing Wolsey as the pope's legate. In response, the clergy agreed to forego the right of legislation without the consent of the king. Henry then obtained the authority to be given authority to cut off papal annates at his own discretion (Bainton, Reformation, 190; Scarisbrick 329-48).
Now having the authority to dicta
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Approximate Word count = 1677
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page)
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