ame a growth industry (between 1890 and 1918, public school enrollments increased 700 percent). Psychology took advantage of this situation and applied its knowledge to learning and teaching. Wars were a political force that accelerated the growth of applied psychology and extended its influence to areas of military personnel selection, testing, and engineering. Testing technology increased, beginning with examinations compiled during WWI, and including the measurement of intelligence, personality, occupational skills, and academic achievement. Advances in scientific instruments, and the end of WWII, brought additional focus on research (Popplestone & McPerson, 1994; Schultz & Schultz, 1992).
When Hitler reigned, and attempts were made to destroy scholarship, American psychologists took actions to protect German colleagues. The Committee on Displaced Foreign Psychologists, was formed by the American Psychological Association in 1938. Many native born p
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