this model of instructional style helped students by having teachers focus more strongly on learner needs and the creation of strategies to meet those needs.
Bray and Ousley (1990) analyzed several teaching styles used by middle school teachers, many of whom worked in inner-city schools. The authors were interested in determining those components of instructional style which best facilitated the transitions from elementary school to middle school and from middle school to high school. Their analysis provided several discrete elements of teaching style that facilitated both of these transitions.
According to Bray and Ousley (1990), the most effective styles were those which:
(1) Incorporated strong principles of classroom management; (2) Were based on a good knowledge of the middle school child;
(3) Met students' individual needs;
(4) Enhanced students' self-image; and
(5) Involved parents in their children's learning.
However, it was noted that regardless of how effective teachers' instructional styles were, their effects on s
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