Immigration
Immigration, both legal and il
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Immigration, both legal and illegal, has risen near the top of the national public agenda in the 1990s. Immigration was, for example, a major issue in the 1996 presidential campaign, and is now the subject of major reform bills in Congress. But, the emergence of this issue was not a spontaneous event. Immigration control, and the treatment of immigrants once they arrive in the United States, reached this level on the public agenda through a combination of efforts by politicians and policy entrepreneurs. Immigration control has always been a significant public issue, but, in recent decades, it has not been a particularly high-priority item. The current concerns over limiting immigration contrast strongly, for example, with the 1990 Immigration Act, which increased annual immigration levels (Immigration policy, 1995, p. 15). The issue has, therefore, been raised with some speed. Yet, there is very little agreement among those who worked to accomplish this. Their intentions, very often, conflict with each other, and legislators are hard-pressed to produce laws that satisfy any of these agents completely. In terms of agenda setting, the immigration issue raises the question of how a number of agents, with disparate concerns, placed the problem on the national agenda, and how legislation is being formulated in response to these concerns. What were the routes and processes involved, and who were the agents who placed immigration on the national agenda
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be extended from the current three years to up to ten years, and would be much more rigidly enforced (Idelson, 1996, p. 1922). Under the new laws, 100% of sponsors' incomes would be considered in eligibility testing for means-tested programs. The House bill makes these requirements prospective, i.e., only for new immigrants, but the Senate bill makes them retroactive, "including sponsored immigrants who entered the U. S. under the current eligibility rules" (Quist, 1996, p. 8). In addition, the bills allow for deportation of immigrants if they use public assistance programs for 12 or more months during their first 5 years in the United States.
The bills also address illegal immigration. The House bill allows the provisions of Proposition 187 regarding denial of education, though the Senate bill ignores this point. The Senate bill sets minimum national standards for state-issued birth certificates and drivers' licenses. Both bills set up pilot programs for eligibility verification for potential employees; the House bill makes employer participation voluntary, while the Senate bill may eventually make participation mandatory (Idelson, 1996, pp. 1923-1924).
Immigration and Social Services
The claim that immigrants are a dr
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Approximate Word count = 5191
Approximate Pages = 21 (250 words per page)
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Immigration, both legal and il
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