Sexual violence against Women
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Although sexual violence against women is common in times of war, the degree of such behavior varies from war to war, and no adequate explanation has ever been put forward to explain this Wood, 2004, 1). The Soviet troops in Germany during World War Ii were known to rape large numbers of women, particular in Berlin after the cityÆs fall (1-4). There had been widespread rape of women earlier in Hungary, and the practice intensified as the Russian army pushed into East Prussia and Silesia. Thousands of women and girls, from age 12 up, were often raped repeatedly, by a series of men, and in front of their families and neighbors. Women of all ethnicities, but particularly German women, were the victims, and the raping did not subside until the occupation authorities realized the damage it was doing to the Soviet postwar political plans. The rape of German women is believed to have been due to a need for revenge for their prior defeats by the German army, and the restoration of their lost honor and manhood by humiliating the enemy. Also in World War II, the Japanese ere reported to have raped, then killed more than 80,000 women and girls in the rape of Nanking (Wood, 2004, 4). The Japanese then set up their own brothels with ôcomfort womenö for their soldiers; more than 200,000 women were recruited by force across East and Southeast Asia. In Bosnia-Herzegovina, sexual slavery was common, and the rape of Muslim girls and women in detention centers, in their homes, or duri
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heory, and the biosocial theory (Gottschall, 2004, 1). Under the feminist theory, rape during wartime, like rape during peacetime, is not a crime of sexual passion, but one motivated by a manÆs desire to exert dominance over a woman. Men in patriarchal societies are conditioned to distrust, despise, and dominate women, so in wartime they vent their contempt for women while continuing to enforce their gender roles (3-4).
The cultural pathology theory looks at the history of a country to see what factors can account for this type of behavior (Gottschall, 2o04, 4-5). In the rape of Nanking, it was attributed to the brutality of the Japanese military, who harbored a deep contempt for women, and the fact that they now looked down on the Chinese. In Bosnia, the rape of Muslim and Croat women and girls by Serbs was blamed on the prevalence or pornography prior to the war which served as a motivator and instruction manual for the sexual atrocities and genocide which followed. The strategic rape theory is the current most influential theory, and sees rape as another strategic ordinance which can be used by the military to achieve its objectives (5-9). Rape spreads terror, diminishes resistance among civilians, and demoralizes, humi
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 1253
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page)
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