re not mathematical, there can be subfields that are mathematical: acoustics within music, the mathematics of heredity within biology, statistics within the various social sciences, and logic within philosophy. Most of these involve numbers, but some do not. In any event, it is the precision of the reasoning that constitutes mathematics, not the use of numbers.
2. The definition of mathematics given in WebsterÆs Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary is as follows: ôthe science of numbers and their operations, interrelations, combinations, generalizations, and abstractions and of space configurations and their structure, measurement, transformations, and generalizations.ö Clearly it does cover arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and other numerical forms of mathematics. However, it does not cover non-numerical mathematics as discussed in the preceding question.
Of course, some people might want to insist on the adequacy of the above dictionary definition. If so, they would probably want to define non-numerical mathematics as being a species of logic and therefore as being a subfield of philosophy. This would not seem to be a very useful distinction. Set theory and Venn diagrams are now taught at the high school level, and they do not involve any numbers or calculations.
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