distance of approximately 7-10 miles during rush hour traffic, and it is also true in terms of pollution from automobiles, numerous accidents, and rising insurance costs. Likewise, the loss of productivity and costs to the economy from consumers in California spending more time in gridlock than commuters anywhere else in the country is staggering. As Carle (2005, p. 404) asserts, ôCalifornians, as a whole, wasted a half-million hours each day in traffic congestion, at a cumulative cost of $2 billion a year, according to the California Department of Transportation.ö New projects like the Subway have done virtually nothing to decrease traffic flow, especially in light of increased immigration to California. California legislatures need to reduce traffic flow by placing mandatory car-pooling policies for government agencies. Minimums on the number of cars owned per family may also be a solution. California and the automobile have long been associated with American freedom, however, as a society we must ensure that individual freedoms
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