demic integrity and athletic reform. Many blamed the lack of such reforms on an unwillingness of presidents to adopt such a role, while also maintaining the commercial model of collegiate sports prevented academic integrity from being given a priority in athletic programs.
The Hanford Report of 1974 also strove for reforms that would president-led and controlled. Such reforms were considered necessary in light of the belief that college presidents were unwilling or unable to act as reformers to enhance academic integrity and ethics among collegiate sports programs. When the reforms of such programs proved unsuccessful during the
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