There are task functions, maintenance functions, and self-centered functions within group dynamics. Each of these functions is manifested in behaviors of individual members and affects group dynamics. Task functions include such behaviors are opinion giving, coordinating, clarifying and others. Maintenance functions include such behaviors as gatekeeping, harmonizing, dramatizing and others. Self-centered functions include behaviors like withdrawing, blocking, and status seeking, behaviors that ôserve the needs of the individuals at the expense of the groupö (Pearson et al. 2003, 282).
Task and maintenance functions lead to behaviors that typically serve group goals and functioning. Task behaviors are those that are ôdirectly relevant to the groupÆs purposeö (Pearson et al. 2003, 282). Task functions often help enhance group productivity. Task functions include such things as opinion giving, when a member provides and opinion about a group issue, goal, plan or other aspect of group function. Coordinating is another important task function, helping to divide work responsibilities and other elements of group function. Extending is often a useful task function because it expands on a group idea or strategy.
Maintenance functions are more relationship oriented and solidify interpersonal relationships among group members. Gatekeeping helps draw other members of the group into a discussion. Supporting is often useful for bolstering the ideas presented by group members. Tension relieving is another important maintenance function that helps resolve conflict or promotes clear-headed thinking among members. All of these behavioral functions are important to group success, typically helping to define roles for group members.
Pearson (et al. 2003) defines organizational communication as the ôways in which groups of people both maintain structure and order through their symbolic interactions and a
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