The Seven Sacraments
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According to Price (2004), there are seven sacraments accepted by the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches: 1) Baptism; 2) Eucharist (Communion; 3) Confession (Reconciliation); 4) Confirmation (Chrismation); 5) Matrimony; 6) Anointing of the Sick (Extreme Unction); and 7) Holy Orders (1). The three sacraments of Christian initiation are given once and include Baptism, Confirmation and the Eucharist. The healing sacraments include Confession and Anointing the Sick. The sacraments are external rites that are external illustrations of internal spiritual grace, ôA sacrament is an outward sign instituted by Christ to give graceö (Seven 2004, 1). From 1962 through 1965, Pope John Paul XXIII held a series of church councils known as Vatican II. During Vatican II, sixteen documents (decrees, declarations, and constitutions) were created that were meant to help modernize the Church and make it more open to all Christians. As Pope John Paul XXIII declared in Unitatis Redintegratio (Decree on Ecumenism), ôThe restoration of unity among all Christians is one of the principal concerns of the Second Vatican Councilö (Vatican 1965). Vatican II resulted in subtle but significant changes to the seven Sacraments.Before Vatican II the seven Sacraments were viewed as a group of unrelated objects. The changes wrought by Vatican II transformed them into communal celebrations of personal encounter. Many were outraged by the Decree on Ecumenis
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become the salt of the earth. Thus every layman, in virtue of the very gifts bestowed upon him, is at the same time a witness and a living instrument of the mission of the Church itselfö (Vatican 1963).
A number of other alterations to the Sacraments were wrought by Vatican II. The rite and formula of the Sacrament of Penance was altered to help provide more lucid expression of the nature and effects of this Sacrament. Similar changes were made with respect to the Sacrament of Anointing the Sick. Formerly referred to as ôExtreme Unctionö, Vatican II also gave preference for referring to this Sacrament as Anointing of the Sick. As written in the Constitution on Sacred Liturgy, ôExtreme Unction may also more fittingly be called æanointing the sickÆ and is not a Sacrament for those only who are at the point of deathö (Vatican 1963). because of this change, the rite may be administered to those who are in danger of dying from infirmity or old age. The prayers and the number of anointings were to be modified depending on the changing condition of those who were ill or near death due old age.
The Sacrament of Matrimony also underwent subtle but significant changes due to Vatican II. The Sacrament is to be performed within Mass
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Approximate Word count = 1992
Approximate Pages = 8 (250 words per page)
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