Leadership Strategies

Good leadership is essential for successful business, government, and a number of other groups and organizations in all aspects of life. Pierce and Newstrom (2000) argue that leaders influence others through their ability to "motivate, inform, inspire, exhibit technical competence, communicate effectively, and convey a vision" (120). Most typically leadership is utilized to influence others toward goal achievement. There are a number of different leadership styles and strategies used to accomplish goals. Each style or strategy of leadership is more or less suited to a specific goal, application or organization.

While no form of leadership encompasses traits that can be applied to all leaders in a uniform manner, Robbins (2003) maintains that there are six primary traits that can distinguish leaders from nonleaders: 1) drive and ambition, 2) the desire to lead and influence others, 3) honesty and integrity, 4) self-confidence, 5) intelligence, and 6) in-depth technical knowledge related to their area of responsibility (131). This research will outline seven different leadership styles or strategies. These will include examples of nuances involved with each leadership strategy and how these strategies might be applied to real world examples.

One of the primary leadership strategies is transactional leadership. Transactional leaders motivate or steer others to achieve goals by defining roles and task requiremen

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b-and-spoke concept for FedEx delivery was part of his Ph.D. that received an "F" in college. However, it was visionary and inspired followers, helping call for the skills, talents and resources necessary to make it a reality. Today FedEx is the most successful shipping company in the world, due largely to the hub-and-spoke vision originated and implemented by Smith. Another example of visionary leadership would be Jeffrey Bezos' creation of Amazon.com, a leader whose vision of online bookselling was clearly advantageous to conventional brick-and-mortar operations. Many traditional leadership strategies are authoritarian and implemented in a hierarchical top-down manner. However, another form of leadership that is often quite successful in achieving organizational and individual goals is grassroots leadership. Grassroots leadership reverses the conventional management hierarchy. Grassroots leadership is often avoided in organizations like the military with a strong top-down hierarch and rigid structure. However, grassroots leadership can also be successfully applied to such organizations. Commander D. Michael Abrashoff has successfully applied grassroots leadership to his command of the USS Benfold, one of the Navy's most

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