efs that are held by members of the scientific community, such as ôGas molecules behave like tiny elastic billiard balls in random motion.ö Further, there are shared values held by scientific community members that they use to produce their own theories, such as any theory should be consistent with other proven and established theories. These generalizations underlying metaphysical beliefs and values are sociological elements of science and scientific progress. They are also three of the four components Kuhn believes comprise a paradigm. The fourth is an intellectual element and concerns the concrete problem situations which scientists are asked to solve after they learn the particular subject of their science and scientific community. Kuhn referred to these problem situations as exemplars that allow scientists to share a model that demonstrates how specific problems in a particular discipline are to be solved.
Kuhn sees science as progressing based on the intellectual component of paradigms. These intellectual endeavors are what make it pos
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