ne the economy of wealthy whites. One can imagine the fear Garvey inspired throughout the white power structure because of his ability to passionately stir great crowds of African Americans through his spectacular oratory emphasizing racial pride. To imagine what kind of threat this was perceived as being to the white power structure, one must remember Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, and others would still be viewed as such a threat four decades later. Yet Garvey was intelligent enough to know that he had to focus on racial pride and not racial superiority. He felt that if Blacks had access to education and developed their own industrial base, they would naturally advance to a point of direct conflict with the white power structure. Such a conflict was untenable to him. As Carter (2002) explains, ôHence, his theory of racial separation was born. It was a stratagem to ensure self-reliance and equality for the downtrodden African race, but it did not stress racial superiorityö (2).
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