uding revolutionists, Russified Jews, Hegraists and Yiddishists. The flood also included rabbis, who would play a significant role in establishing Jewish community and ethnicity in their adopted lands. However, the diversity among the Jewish ethnicities in this great wave of immigration and their need to assimilate in their adopted lands to ensure economic success would, as Jewish officials feared, lead to a diminishing Jewish identification that would become an issue throughout Jewish American history in the twentieth century.
Despite the production of such guides as Kahan's, most Jews in the early stages of immigration lacked any comprehensive guidance about the process of immigration. In fact, until the Jewish Colonization Association and Hilfsverein der deutschen Juden entered the scene, a prospective emigrant usua
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