Religious Thought of Augustine, Bishop of Hippo
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In the background of the formulation of the Augustinian articulation and analysis Judaism is Fremantle's characterization of the medieval philosophical period as an age of belief. The doctrines of institutional Catholicism that age were most systematically articulated in the post-apostolic period by Augustine of Hippo, whose philosophy and theology functions very much as an introduction to the intellectual history of Christian Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire, from Augustine (354-430) to William of Ockham (1300-1349). The central fact of intellectual discourse is that throughout that period, despite many disputes about theology, ethics, morality, and politics, the world as a whole shared a vision of the world predicated of the Christian and specifically Catholic thought. Augustine, Bishop of Hippo, spoke with the strongest doctrinal authority. After Paul the Apostle and before Thomas Aquinas, he was the chief theologian of the Roman church, which in the Middle Ages became the chief locus of European institutional stability. The most prominent minority religious group with a presence in medieval Christian Europe comprised Jews, and Jews were also a minority presence in the part of the world controlled by Islam, from the latter seventh century A.D. onward.Although Christianity as an institutional apparatus and system of belief came to dominate the eastern Mediterranean from the first through much of the seventh centuries A.D., Judaism as a religion predated Christi
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ctive emphases make all the difference for the encounter between Christianity and Judaism, and not only because Tillich's articulation is informed by the sometimes squalid nature of that encounter in history. Given that Catholicism absorbed the major scriptural texts of Judaism, the special significance of Christianity for the persistence of Judaism despite the Redemption cannot be overlooked. Equally, it helps explain why, especially in the City of God, Augustine is at such pains to explain the preeminence of Christianity over Judaism--as opposed to the relatively short treatment given the Hellenistic civil religion and the belief systems from Persia.
Augustine argues that Jewish scripture and belief is incomplete to the degree Jews do not see that Judaism is grounded in truth only insofar as it anticipates the Redemption. Christian trinitarianism, which unavoidably engages Judaism for the reason that in Christian tradition Jesus meant both to overtake and to fulfill the old law, is a key piece of the argument. It is important to note in this regard, however, that Book XII does not reject Judaism. Jerusalem, says Augustine, is to be remembered as "my country . . . my mother, and Thyself that rulest over it, the Enlightener, Fathe
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Approximate Word count = 4824
Approximate Pages = 19 (250 words per page)
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