The Roman Empire
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In the expansion that followed the Punic wars, Rome annexed Syria, Greece, and the territory northward toward the Danube, as well as Spain, the African coastline. The results of this expansion included a tendency toward thinking of Rome as the Roman Empire. It was not until after the death of Julius Caesar, however, that imperial Rome was formally designated as such. The monuments to Roman engineering still extant unavoidably convey the impression of Roman sturdiness, at least during the period of republic and empire. But in fact, the political environment of republican Rome was never entirely stable. The same victory that allowed Rome to acquire huge territory brought with it as well pride, greed, avarice, and taste for power as such. As a practical matter, power and wealth were concentrated in the Roman senate, which was the political wing of the oligarchic ruling class. Meanwhile, owing to competition within that class and a variety of pressures from the lower classes, Rome wavered between civil war, republic, and monarchy for decades before Julius Caesar successfully assumed the role of monarch. To put it another way, the glory that was to be Rome was partly a consequence of at least some rather disagreeable factors and in turn fostered at least some rather disagreeable consequences.Territorial acquisition itself appears to have been a strategy for keeping the civil peace. But as Rome concerned itself with the subjugation of other peoples, the role of government itself
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liation accomplished, Caesar obtained the prestigious endorsement of both, taking care to marry his daughter Julia to Pompey in the meantime. He was overwhelmingly elected consul with one Calpurnius Biblius, who seems to have been an ineffectual politico and who in any case was forced into the background as Caesar set about consolidating his power and vision of governance. On the other hand, Caesar invited Cicero to join the coalition; Cicero refused. In this regard, Hamilton says that Caesar always wanted Cicero as a friend but was always rebuffed because Cicero did not trust Caesar; the rebuff wound up costing Cicero's political career dearly.
Caesar's actions as consul were controversial, and as they had during his tenure as aedile, they turned on the tension between the people and the aristocracy. Caesar pushed land reform through the senate, inciting the people against the aristocrats when the oligarchy balked and enforcing both those measures and the promise of granting Caesar governorship of strategically important provinces in Gaul after the consulship ended. Caesar also bribed, cajoled, and schemed with various leaders, including Cicero's former friend (and now Caesar's son-in-law) Pompey, to have Cicero banished altogeth
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Some common words found in the essay are:
Julius Caesar, Pompey Crassus, Asia Minor, Caesar Cicero, Caesar Shakespeare's, Cicero Rome, Caesar Gaul, Unfortunately Caesar, Twelve Tables, Caesar Caesar, civil war, julius caesar, london penguin, 2 vols, twelve tables, common people, political rivals, trans louise ropes, vols roslyn, trans louise, louise ropes, london penguin 1985, louise ropes loomis, gardner london penguin, loomis 2 vols,
Approximate Word count = 4943
Approximate Pages = 20 (250 words per page)
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