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Psychological Issues & Disorders

1. The availability heuristic occurs when people estimate the probability of an outcome based on how easy the outcome is to imagine (Availability, 2006). If the possibility is vividly described and emotionally charged, as it is in this case, it is easy to picture and therefore easy to believe. Framing is a concept used in thinking (Simple, 2006). Evoking a frame reinforces the frame. That is, every time Sally hears about her brother suffering from chronic depression, it reinforces the thought in her mind that this may happen to her too. Frames are realized in the brain by neural circuits, and every time a neural circuit is activated, it is strengthened.

Confirmation bias is a statistical bias describing the tendency to search for evidence that will confirm a preconception of an idea. That is, Sally will always be searching for ways to confirm that she will indeed suffer from a chronic depression the same way her brother does (Confirmation, 2006). Belief perseverance is the perseverance of a belief in oneÆs mind once it has been placed there. We tend to believe things are true when we have been told them by someone we trust, e.g. our parents, friends etc. and this thought persists in our minds even without reinforcement. All these factors may easily lead Sally to conclude that she will definitely be a victim of a severe depressive disorder just like her brother.

2. A behavior therapist would treat GeorgeÆs problem using

behavior therapy techniques (Ellis, 1997). This would probably involve desensitization techniques to gradually introduce George to women for brief, casual conversations, and gradually get him to feel comfortable talking to them, and gradually advance to the point where he could talk about himself, and ask them about themselves, and eventually ask one of them out on a date. This would gradually get him over his fear of women so that he could enjoy a normal, heterosexual life.

A psychotherapi...

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Psychological Issues & Disorders. (1969, December 31). In LotsofEssays.com. Retrieved 11:36, March 28, 2024, from https://www.lotsofessays.com/viewpaper/1712909.html