Describe and Evaluate the Effects of the Process of Globalization in the Middle East

The purpose of this essay is to describe and to evaluate the effects of the process of globalization on countries that are located in the Middle East. When such a study purpose is advanced by most members of developed economies outside of the Middle East region, there typically are two unstated, biased assumptions that underlie the study focus. The first of these usually unstated assumptions is that the process of globalization is a phenomenon of relatively recent origin. The second usually unstated assumption is that countries in the Middle East will undergo changes by adopting practices, values, behaviors, and so forth that are prevalent in the developed economies that are located outside of the Middle East. The first of these assumptions is incorrect. The second assumption may or may be correct in relation to each specific country that is located in the Middle East; however, there is no compelling justification for an assumption that it must be correct.

Lewis and Harris (1992) defined globalization as "economic convergence and the diffusion of innovation" (p. 114). This definition implies that (a) the economic practices and motivations of different countries are going to become more similar to one another and (b) the advanced knowledge (innovation) is going to flow from the developed economies to the economies that are perceived to be less advanced. Lewis and Harris (1992), while advancing their arguments related to globalization, noted, however, that the p

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ed to be less advanced resists the process. This perception of globalization once was referred to as imperialism, which of course is a naughty word in the current era. As was true of imperialism, however, the perception of globalization in the current era assumes a one-way path for the diffusion of innovation. Closing the door to a two-way interaction for the diffusion of knowledge provides explanations for (a) the behaviors of some countries (perceived to be less advanced) when they resist globalization and (b) the unwillingness of developed economies to entertain the idea that they may be able to learn something of value through the participation in two-way traffic. Ehteshami (2007) noted that the Middle East is the locus of intense geopolitical competition in the current era. The United States of America has been and continues to be the principal hegemon (Hinnebusch, 2006). The premiere driver of this global competition for hegemony and influence in the region is oil. Many analysts, however, cite terrorist activities emanating from the region as the central driver. Initially, however, terrorism was a blowback against hegemonic attempts (real or perceived) by countries located outside of the region. The chief driver of

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