ifies behaviors that the nurse must understand in order to help the patient deal with change and transition in a manner that enhances their health. For this model, perceptual factors include cognitions related to health importance or the perceived value of health to the life and daily functioning of the patient; cognitions related to the patient's perceived control of their health or ability to control their health; cognitions related to the patient's perceived self-efficacy or ability to take part in any action to reach a desired outcome; cognitions regarding the patient's definition of their own health; cognitions regarding the patient's perceived health status; cognitions regarding the patient's perceptions of the benefits of certain behaviors which are designed to promote health; and cognitions regarding perceived barriers to participating in these behaviors designed to promote health (Pender, 2002).
Thus, a nurse must comprehend what the patient is experiencing in accordance with his or her belief systems. This is the only way that the transition phase of treatment can be accomplished successfully. Pender also lists factors that modify these beliefs, which include the age, sex, and ethnicity or race of the patient; the location of the transition process; biological factors such as height, weight, and fat distribution; and interpersonal factors such as family and health care provider interactions. In addition, cognitions regarding change and transition are influenced by situational factors such as the availability of health-promoting activities, behavioral factors such as the patient's level of skills and knowledge), and personal cues to action or triggers that the patient recognizes as being a cue to taking health related actions or participating in health-promoting behaviors (Pender, 2002).
Further, Pender presents assumptions of the Health Promotion Model (HPM). For example, it is assumed that people do...