ase to be examined herein, that of Italian born composer and conductor Arturo Toscanini, many of the traditional assumptions regarding the challenge of immigration simply do not apply. This is because Toscanini was an established professional when he arrived in the United States, at which time he took a prominent position in music and earned a living that few native born Americans of the era could hope to achieve (Teachout, 2002).
Arturo Toscanini was born in Parma, Italy on March 25, 1867 and died January 16, 1957 at the age of 89 in New York City (Arturo Toscanini, 2001). Toscanini was recognized as a musical genius at a very young age. He entered Parma's Royal School of Music at the age of nine, graduating from it when he was 18 with maximum honors in cello and composition and with a reputation among local musicians for a photographic memory, wide ranging musical interests, and passionate and highly emotional beliefs (Sachs, 2010).
When he was 19, Toscanini joined an Italian opera company,
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