, mocked and dismissed contemptuously by Russell (between things being good because God commands them and God commanding them because they are good). However, were Lewis to be confronted with such a distinction and told to choose, one can imagine him deferring politely, saying perhaps that it does not matter, and certainly that this is one of those mysteries that "we do not know" (Russell 145). Lewis does adhere to the religious view which holds that "what is behind the universe . . . has purposes, and prefers one thing [i.e., good] to another [i.e., bad]." He accepts that this "Something" made the universe "to produce creatures like itself . . . to the extent of having minds" (Lewis 145). These minds tell us to do right and not wrong, but, again, Lewis does not delve into whether the fiat preceded the good or is preceded by it. Russell bases his arguments on scientific, materialistic observations, but Lewis says science cannot name, measure or define the internal force pressing up to do good, and also cannot deny it because it is an experience beyond the
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