ctly objective "scientific" approach. Freudianism places the major motivational emphasis on deep inner drives and urges; The Behaviorists place the emphasis on external, environmental influences (Goble, 1970, p. 7).
Behaviorism developed later than Freudianism, growing out of the work of J. B. Watson (1878-1958), to culminate in that of B.F. Skinner (1904-1990). The research work of Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov particularly flavors Behaviorism. Pavlov's experiments in "conditioned reflex" are clearly a part of the Behaviorist canon: great stress is put on stimulus-response conditioning as a major explanation for human behavior. Freudians and Behaviorists disagree over morals. Freud, noted early, considered all behavior essentially debased, stating, "hatred is at the bottom of all the relations of affection and love between human beings; hatred in relation to objects is older than love" (Goble, 1970, p. 6). Behaviorists, by contrast, assign no moral judgements to human behavior: the basic assumption is that there is no scientific basis for morality. Per B. F. Skinner:
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