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rs. Third, among users, multiple addictions can be reliably identified as independent disorders. Fourth, and most importantly, recent research involving human and animal models has provided evidence of neurochemical, neurophysiologic, neuropharmacologic, and psychopharmacologic mechanisms common to both alcohol and drug addictions (Miller & Gold, 1993, pp. 105-112).

It is widely believed that neurochemical mechanisms are responsible for the "loss of control" typically experienced by the addict (Miller & Gold, 1993, pp. 105-112). Tha

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