whites and blacks justified the policy on religious grounds, but Garvey was opposed to such blatant bigotry almost from the start.5
In 1901, at the age of fourteen, Garvey's formal schooling was at an end. Ironically, this was at the same time as the white children he attended elementary school with were being sent off to Europe to continue their education. Nevertheless, Garvey became a printer's apprentice, and quickly mastered the trade. One should remember that in the colonial empires, education and subservience were similarly linked. The white population could not have the black population knowing more than a little reading and writing. This proved to be a serious problem for Garvey, and he quickly outgrew the town of St. Ann's and, in 1906, moved to the capital city of Kingston. One of Garvey's friends and associates during these years described him as, "fiercely proud of being black. He carried a pocket dictionary with him and said he studied three or four words daily, and in his room he would write a paragraph or two using these words."6
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