ot help this process. Nor does the fact that many single mothers are often working and unavailable to spend much nurturing time with their infants. One of the most significant aspects affecting later socialization development is if the child has the model of nurturing care-givers in his or her environment. Research shows this is more important even in infants and pre-school children than previously imagined, “These early years are also the most vital in developing ways a mother nurtures herself. If from the beginning of her daughter’s life a mother models that she, too, is important and worthy of care in the family relationship, a daughter will grow up with a healthy self-esteem, able to fully care for herself and others” (Elium and Elium 2).
When we are talking about an environment that lacks nurturing, we are not necessarily talking about child abuse although environments absent of nurturing often prove to be emotionally abusive in the sense that they affect the psychosocial development and ultimate socialization of the child, i.e., his or her interactions with others. The research r
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