In Leo Tolstoy’s The Death of Ivan Ilyich, the story begins with the death of the title character, Ivan Ilyich Golovin. Ivan’s closest friends discover his death in the obituary column in chapter one, but it is not until chapter two that we encounter our hero. Despite this opening, while Ilyich is physically alive during most of the story’s action he only becomes spiritually alive a few moments before his death.
The life of Ivan Ilyich, we are told, “had been most simple and most ordinary and therefore most terrible” (Tolstoy, Ch. 2). In analyzing this description of Ivan’s life, we see that Ivan has always done what is expected of him in the eyes of others (wife, co-workers, employers, etc.). While Ivan believes his life has run easily, pleasantly, and decorously like it should, we see that in reality it is an unfulfilled life. Ivan’s closest associates are more worried about who will be next in line for promotion now that he is gone, and at his funeral they are more concerned over a bridge game than grieving for the loss of a friend, “The more intimate of Ivan Ilyich’s acquaintances, his so-called friends, could not help thinking also that they would now have to fulfill the very tiresome demands of propriety by attending the funeral service and paying a visit of condolence to the widow” (Tolstoy Ch. 1).
Ivan’s wife is also self-centered and exhibits great disdain for her husband, who she considers more of a nuisance and hassle than anything else. Ivan’s last days are spent in terrible physical agony, as he uncontrollably screams and moans in pain. When Ivan’s friends come to pay their respects to his widow, we see in her comments to them that she never really cared that much for her husband. According to her, Ivan’s last three days were worse for her than the deceased himself, “It was unendurable. I cannot understand how I bore it; you could hear him three rooms off” (Tolstoy Ch
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