these environs.
Race has no significant effect on the occurrence of IDA, but because diet plays a dominant role in the development of IDA, social and economic conditions existing in certain parts of the world result in a higher incidence of IDA in the races that live there (Conrad, 2004).
In developed countries, the most common cause of IDA is blood loss due to pregnancy, chronic blood loss associated with duodenal or gastric ulcers, and neoplasms (Mansen and McCance, 850). Other conditions which can cause IDA include hiatal hernia, cirrhosis, hemorrhoids, and ulcerative colitis. Blood losses of as little as two to four mls a day can result in IDA, and also can cause hypoferremia.
Excessive bleeding during menstruation (menorrhagia) is the most common cause of primary IDA in females, and related causes include medications such as aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, which cause gastrointestinal bleeding; surgical procedures which decrease stomach acidity, intestinal transit time, an
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