ich is fast and pressured in the attempt to keep up with the rapid and shifting flow of ideas. Expansive and grandiose plans preoccupy the mind - great business ventures, or saving the world through some great scheme. These ideas may be put into operation, often resulting in embarrassment, financial hardship, and even bankruptcy. The manic state, like the depressive state, may last weeks or months.
Episodes of mania and depression can come in a variety of patterns, and shifts between manic and depressive moods are often dramatic and sudden. Between episodes, individuals generally enjoy normal mood and thought processes. Such well periods may last from weeks to months or even many years, depending upon the individual's pattern.
Glassner and Haldipur (1985) examined the psychosocial histories of an early-onset subsample of 13 manic-depressives from a four-year study of 48 bipolar Ss and matched controls. Early-onset Ss were defined as those 20 years or younger at the time of the first episode. A significant majority of t
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