red by the merchant and banking classes. Inevitably, the availability of wage-paying jobs as a result of the success of Northern commerce and industry created a large class of wage workers who shared little in the prosperity generated by their labor (IWB 2000).
Recent historians have analyzed these changes in terms of a market revolution (Wilentz 582). Thus, in the Northeast and Old Northwest, rapid transportation improvements and immigration hastened the replacement of the old yeoman and artisan economy with cash-crop agriculture and capitalist manufacturing. In the South, the cotton boom revived the slave economy, which now spread to occupy the best lands of the region. And in the West, the seizure of lands from Native Americans and mixed-blood Hispanics opened up fresh areas for white settlement, cultivation and speculation (Wilentz 592). Clearly, then, not everyone benefited from the market revolution, least of all those nonwhites for whom Wilentz calls it "an unmitigated disaster." Jacksonianism would
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