ective in achieving this socially desirable goal. The strategy is known as neighborhood cohesion development and it was proposed in part by Sampson, Raudenbush, and Earls (1997), who asserted that a reduction in neighborhood disorder of both the physical and social varieties can eliminate or at least reduce dramatically the appeal exerted by juvenile criminal gangs. Sampson, Raudenbush, and Earls (1997) claimed that where there was cohesion and mutual trust among neighbors in a small community, the likelihood is greater that they will share a willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good. The linkage of cohesion and trust with shared expectations for intervening in support of neighborhood social control has been termed collective efficacy, a key social process proposed by Sampson, Raudenbush, and Earls (1997) as an inhibitor of crime and violence.
Sampson and Raudenbush (2001) have pointed out that a long-term study of the antecedents of anti-social and criminal behavior i
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