effectiveness of nursing administrators and the type of educational preparation received by individual administrators (Ludemann, 1992, pp. 9-10). In relation to this issue, Koszalka (1988, p. 94) found that leadership effectiveness among nursing administrators generally was higher among those administrators with master's degrees in management, administration, or nursing administration than it was among nursing administrators with master's degrees in clinical nursing.
Significantly increased demands will be placed on the administrators of nursing education institutions an the nursing environment experiences dynamic change (Johnson, 1992, pp. 10- 16). Nursing faculty, more so than members of most other disciplines, are confronted with role conflicts involving, on the one hand, their responsibilities as teachers, administrators, and researchers, and, on the other hand, their responsibilities to the practice of nursing (Acorn, 1991, pp. 221-227). These role conflicts are perceived differently by practicing and non practicing faculty (Steele, 1991, pp. 15-22).
Practicing faculty tend to place a greater importance on practice than do non practicing faculty and deans (Steele, 1991, pp. 15-22). In this context, practicing faculty tend to think that being actively involved in nursing practice increases both the teaching effectiveness and scholarly productivity of nursing faculty. Non practicing faculty tend to view research as a higher priority activity than do either practicing faculty or deans (Steele, 1991, pp. 15-22). Non practicing faculty and deans, however, typically feel greater role strain than do practicing faculty (Steele, 1991, pp. 15-22).
In part, the above perceptions reflect the orientations of individual nursing faculty members. In part, also, however, the perceptions indicate that for nursing education, the incorporation of practice into the responsibilities of faculty may le...