t how we behave, what we typically desire, and how much of what we desire leads us into wasteful conflicts and illusions" (p. 350). Change may involve as simple an action as allowing the individual to alter his or her perception of the world, but it usually includes a more dramatic restructuring of both behavior and perspective.
An individual can sometimes change behavior and psychological perspective without professional therapy. Even before the onset of the self-help movement, people have been finding methods to alter their responses to situations and to change their destructive reactions. However, therapeutic approaches offer a variety of methods for engendering change that all try to be a more exact scientific process. Kanfer and Goldstein (1991) observe, "The same features are found in all professional or paraprofessional helping relationships: They are unilateral, systematic, formal, and time limited" (p. 2). Whether a particular technique focuses on the patient's past or concentrates entirely
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