elling employers that they had to consider race, gender, and national origin in their hiring decisions, or risk not being considered for government contracts (AUAA, 1997).
Affirmative action, however, really began with the judiciary, though the courts did not use that term. The Supreme Court, in Brown, held that the segregation of schoolchildren based on race violated the Fourteenth Amendment (Tribe, 1988). But since children usually attend the school nearest their home, and since blacks and whites lived apart, legal segregation would simply be rep
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