guidance. This approach to learning has been described as a period of observation leading to understanding. By observing the problem for a while and thinking about it, the subject is able to solve it.
Maslow's motivation theory was his hierarchy of needs (Maslow, 1954, pp. 97 101). The hierarchy divides human needs into higher and lower orders. The lower order needs are primary, such as food, shelter, sex, and physical security, while the higher order needs involve love for other and self actualization. When the lower order needs are absent in the life of an individual, the satisfaction of those needs become the center of the individual's life. In most modern societies, however, the primary needs are satisfied. Thus, real motivation especially within organizational structures results from individual desires to satisfy their higher order needs (Maslow, 1966, p. 189).
Frederick Herzberg (1966, p. 160) developed a theory of motivation the two factor model which i
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